The source of energy ATP, Kreatin phosphate. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration. Glycogen. ATP provides immediate energy for muscle contractions from 3 sources. Creatine phosphate. During resting conditions stores energy to synthesize ATP. Anaerobic respiration: occurs in absence of exygen and results in breakdown of glucose to yield ATP and lactic acid. Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide and water. more efficient than anaerobic.
What is atrophia?
After parturation, no mitosis occur in muscle tissue. Motor neuron connection to the muscle cell maintain muscle liveliness. Disconnection of motor neuron from muscle cells lead to the degeneration of the muscle cells. That is atrophia.
what is fatigue
Decreased capacity to work and reduced efficiency of performance. Types: psychological, depends on emotional state of individual. Muscular : results from ATP depletion. Synaptic: occurs in neuromuscular junction due to lack of acetylcholine.
molecular mechaniism of contraction
- Stimultion of muscle cells.
- cross bridge
- filament sliding
- ATPase activity of Myosin head
- Troponin-Tropomyosin action
- Attachment and detachment of the myosin head
- calcium and Mg+2 is required for contraction
- Myosin head ATPase activity is Ca+ dependent
- Release of Ca+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcomere shortening
The vertebrate and invertabrate animals muslce has similar structure and function. There are various type of muscle cells. 1. Striated muscle: it can be divided into skeletal and cardiac mucsle. Although the structure are similar in the skeletal and cardiac muscle, contractile activity is different. Skeletal muscle is usually under voluntary control. Cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary muscle. Innervation of both smooth and skeletal muscle are different.http://muscle-biology.blogspot.com/
organization 3
Connective tissue, nerve, blood vessels. Connective tissue, external lamina, endomysium, perimysium, fasciculus, epimysium. Fascia, nerve and blood vessels, abundant.
properties of muscle
contractility: ability of a mucle to shorten with force. Excitability: capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus. Extensibility : muscle can be streched to its normal resting lenght and beyond to a limited degree. Elasticity ability of mucle to recoil to original resting lenght after stretched.
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